Egypt has one of
the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC
as one of the world's first nation states.Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient
Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture,
urbanisation, organised religion and central government.
Iconic monuments such
as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis,
Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a
significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide.
Modern Egypt is
considered to be a regional andmiddle power, with significant cultural,
political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the
Muslim world.[15] Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the
Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services
at almost equal production levels. In2011, longtime President Hosni Mubarak
stepped down amid mass protests. Later elections saw the rise of the Muslim
Brotherhood, which was ousted by the army a year later amid mass protests.
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